Alternativas fitoterápicas no controle da obesidade / Phytotherapy alternatives in obesity control / Alternativas herbales en el control de la obesidad

Nos últimos anos, a obesidade vem aumentando consideravelmente entre adultos e crianças e, segundo a OMS, estima-se que em 2025 o número de obesos ultrapasse a 2,3 milhões em todo o mundo. O indivíduo obeso apresenta maiores riscos de desenvolver doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como diabetes, doenças cardiovasculares, dislipidemias e ainda alguns tipos de cânceres. O tratamento para a obesidade é variado e inclui mudanças no estilo de vida como: hábitos alimentares e prática de atividade física, tratamento medicamentoso, cirurgia bariátrica e fitoterápicos com o potencial de auxiliar no tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica a fim de avaliar os benefícios da utilização de medicamentos fitoterápicos como auxiliar no tratamento da obesidade, seus principais ativos, mecanismos de ação e sua utilização popular. Dentre as plantas pesquisadas e que demonstraram potencial para atuar no tratamento da obesidade encontram-se Camelia sinensis, Citrus aurantium, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Coffea arabica, Ephedra sinica, Zingiber oficinale e Senna alexandrina. Os principais mecanismos de ação envolvidos no potencial anti-obesidade das plantas medicinais são a capacidade de controle do apetite e ingestão de energia, estímulo da termogênese, inibição da lipase pancreática e redução da absorção de gordura, diminuição da lipogênese e aumento da lipólise. Desta forma, conclui-se que as plantas selecionadas neste estudo apresentaram efeitos positivos nos parâmetros bioquímicos e físicos, podendo ser incluídas nos protocolos como coadjuvantes nos tratamentos de emagrecimento.

In recent years, obesity has increased considerably among adults and children and according to the WHO, it is estimated that in 2025 the number of obese people will exceed 2.3 million worldwide. The obese individual is at greater risk of developing non-communicable chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia and even some types of cancer. The treatment for obesity is varied, including changes in lifestyle such as eating habits and physical activity, drug treatment, bariatric surgery and phytotherapy with the potential to aid in the treatment. The objective of this work was to carry out a literature review, evaluating the benefits of using herbal medicines as an aid in the treatment of obesity, their main assets, mechanisms of action and their popular use. Among the plants researched and that have shown potential to act in the treatment of obesity are Camelia sinensis, Citrus aurantium, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Coffea arabica, Ephedra sinica, Zingiber officiale and Senna alexandrina. The main mechanisms of action involved in the antiobesity potential of medicinal plants are the ability to control appetite and energy intake, thermogenesis stimulation, pancreatic lipase inhibition and reduction of fat absorption, lipogenesis decrease and lipolysis increase. Thus, it is concluded that the plants selected in this study showed positive effects on biochemical and physical parameters, and can be included in the protocols as adjuvants in weight loss treatments.

En los últimos años, la obesidad ha aumentado considerablemente entre adultos y niños y, según la OMS, se estima que en 2025 el número de obesos superará los 2,3 millones en todo el mundo. Los individuos obesos tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, como la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, las dislipidemias e incluso algunos tipos de cáncer. El tratamiento de la obesidad es variado e incluye cambios en el estilo de vida como: hábitos alimenticios y práctica de actividad física, tratamiento farmacológico, cirugía bariátrica y medicamentos a base de hierbas con potencial para ayudar en el tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica para evaluar los beneficios del uso de las hierbas medicinales como ayuda en el tratamiento de la obesidad, sus principales activos, mecanismos de acción y su uso popular. Entre las plantas investigadas y que mostraron potencial para actuar en el tratamiento de la obesidad están Camelia sinensis, Citrus aurantium, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Coffea arabica, Ephedra sinica, Zingiber oficinale y Senna alexandrina. Los principales mecanismos de acción implicados en el potencial antiobesidad de las plantas medicinales son la capacidad de controlar el apetito y la ingesta de energía, estimular la termogénesis, inhibir la lipasa pancreática y reducir la absorción de grasas, disminuir la lipogénesis y aumentar la lipólisis. Por lo tanto, se concluye que las plantas seleccionadas en este estudio mostraron efectos positivos sobre los parámetros bioquímicos y físicos, y pueden ser incluidas en los protocolos como coadyuvantes en los tratamientos de pérdida de peso.

Therapeutic benefits of green tea extract on various parameters in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients

Background and Objective: NAFLD affecting up to 30% of the population globally. Drug treatment option are limited with disappointing results. The dietary supplementation in the form of green tea is another option. Our objective was to investigate the effect of Green tea extract [GTE] supplementation on varioi parameters in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] patients

Methods: This study was conducted Dept. of Medicine of Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahii Yar Khan from 15 April 2016 to 15 July 2016. Eighty overweight, non diabetic and dyslipidemic patients c NAFLD, diagnosed on the basis of ultrasound and aminotransferases level were randomized for treatmer with capsule GTE SOOmg [n=40] and capsule placebo [n=40] twice a day for twelve weeks. Anthropometri parameters, liver enzymes, inflammatory markers and liver ultrasound imaging were estimated by SPSS-1 pre and post treatment

Results: As compared to placebo, GTE caused a significant improvement in body weight [29.5+/-3.8 t 27.2+/-3.2 kg/m[2] p=0.03], BMI [86+/-10.5 to 80+/-12.4 kg p=0.026], HOMA-IR [4.32+/-2.25 to 3.16+/- 1.6 p=0.0081 lipid profile [i.e. TC: 242.5+/-20.5 to 215.4+/-18.6 mg/dl p=0.005; TG:175+/-22.6 to 145+/-18 mg/dlp=0.003 LDL-C: 155+/-12.5 to 140+/-16.7 mg/dl p=0.011; HDL-C: 36.8+/-6.7 to46.4+/-5.8 mg/dl p =0.001, Aminotransferase: [i.e. ALT: 70.4+/-15.8 to 52.8+/-12.2 IU/L p=0.04; AST:65.8+/-12.4 to 44.3+/- 8.5U/L p =0.002] and Inflammator] markers [hs-CRP: 3.14+/-0.58 to 2.18+/-0.32 p =0.023Adiponectin: 8.46+/-1.02 to 10.55+/-3.42microg/ml p =0.003; GTE also caused a 67.5% regression of fatty liver changes on ultrasound as compared to placebo which is 25% only

Conclusion: GTE therapy resulted in significant improvement in metabolic, chemical, inflammatory and radiological parameters of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients who were non-diabetic and dyslipidemic

Intervenções nutricionais na promoção da perda de peso: faseolamina - revisão sistemática com metanálise e alimentos com possíveis benefícios - revisão sistemática para construção de tecnologia educacional / Nutritional interventions in weight loss promotion: phaseolamine - systematic review with meta-analysis and foods with possible benefits - systematic review for building educational technology

A obesidade é uma doença crônica não transmissível e considerada epidemia mundial com prevalência alarmante. Está associada à morbimortalidade e é fator de risco para doença cardiovascular (DCV), diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), hipertensão arterial sistêmica(HAS), dislipidemias, osteoartrite e alguns tipos de câncer. As Diretrizes Brasileiras de Obesidade 2009/2010 da Associação Brasileira para o Estudo da Obesidade e da Síndrome Metabólica referem ser pequeno o número de estudos que comprovem os efeitos termogênicos, anorexígenos ou redutores de peso de suplementos nutricionais de cafeína e capsaicina e mencionam poucos alimentos. No entanto a mídia cita rotineiramente vários alimentos como tratamento consolidado para perda de peso, sem que existam evidências científicas que suportem esta indicação. Com o objetivo de elaborar uma tecnologia educacional para indivíduos obesos de um hospital universitário, com esclarecimento sobre intervenções nutricionais efetivas para promoção da perda de peso foram conduzidas duas revisões sistemáticas. A busca de referências foi feita nas Bases eletrônicas ­ Pubmed, Cochrane Central de Ensaios Clínicos, Cinhal e Lilacs. Uma das revisões incluiu metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre a utilização da faseolamina na promoção de perda ponderal e redução de massa gorda. A outra revisão incluiu apenas revisões sistemáticas com metanálise avaliando a efetividade de alimentos ou substâncias extraídas destes na promoção da perda de peso. Na metanálise foram incluídos 5 ensaios clínicos. A perda ponderal foi maior e estatisticamente significativa com a utilização da faseolamina -1,70Kg (IC de -2,44 a -0,97) e também a redução de massa gorda foi superior e estatisticamente significativa nos pacientes tratados com faseolamina -1,85Kg (IC de -2,49 a -1,21). Na outra revisão sistemática foram incluídos 7 artigos ,4 sobre chá verde ( na forma de infusão ou como suplemento), 2 sobre pimenta vermelha ( nos alimentos ou como suplemento) e 1 sobre peixes fonte de ômega 3 ou suplemento de ômega 3. De acordo com o resultado da metanálise, o uso da faseolamina promove perda ponderal e de massa gorda em pacientes obesos e com sobrepeso. A utilização da faseolamina é alternativa auxiliar no tratamento da obesidade. Considerando a revisão sistemática, a utilização de peixes fonte de ômega 3 pode auxiliar a perda de peso, assim como o consumo de pimenta vermelha em dosagem de pelo menos 2mg/dia de capsaicina antes das refeições. O consumo de chá verde não promoveu perda de peso clinicamente relevante. O presente estudo levou a elaboração de uma tecnologia educacional descrita como uma cartilha, para ser utilizada na educação em saúde da população obesa, com orientações no tratamento da obesidade e foi intitulada "Perda de Peso: Alimentos e Fitoterápicos que realmente podem ajudar você"

Obesity is a chronic nontransmissible disease that is considered a worldwide epidemic with alarming prevalence. It is associated with morbidity and mortality and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), systemic hypertension (SHT), dyslipidemias, osteoarthritis and some types of cancer. Brazilian Obesity Guidelines 2009/2010 of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome report that there is a scarcity of studies that confirm the thermogenic, anorexigenic and weight reducing effects of nutritional supplements of caffeine and capsaicin and mention few food items. However, the media routinely cites a number of foods as treatment for weight loss, with no scientific evidence to support these allegations. Two systematic reviews were conducted to create an educational technology for obese individuals from a university hospital, with information about effective nutritional interventions that promote weight loss. The search for references was carried out in the following electronic databases: Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cinhal and Lilacs. One of the reviews included meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on the use of phaseolamin to promote weight loss and a reduction in fat mass. The other review involved only systematic reviews with meta-analysis, assessing the effectiveness of foods or substances extracted from them in the promotion of weight loss. Meta-analysis included 5 clinical trials. Weight loss was greater and statistically significant with the use of phaseolamin -1.70Kg (CI between -2.44 and -0.97) and the reduction in fat mass was higher and statistically significant in patients treated with phaseolamin -1.85Kg (CI between -2.49 and -1.21). The other systematic review involved 7 articles, 4 on green tea (in the form of infusion or a supplement), 2 on red pepper (in food or as supplement) and 1 on omega-rich fish or omega 3 supplement. According to the results of meta-analysis, the use of phaseolamin promotes weight and fat mass loss in obese and overweight patients. The use of phaseolamin is an auxiliary alternative in the treatment of obesity. The systematic review revealed that the use of omega 3-rich fish can contribute to weight loss, as well as consuming red pepper in a dose of at least 2mg/dia of capsaicin before meals. Green tea intake did not promote clinically relevant weight loss. The present study led to the creation of an educational technology in the form of a booklet, to be used in health education for obese individuals, with orientation regarding the treatment of obesity, and entitled "Weight Loss: Foods and Phytotherapics that can really help you"

Protective role of green tea against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress in rats

Mitochondria are primary target involved in doxorubicin [DOX] cardiotoxicity which mediated by the induction of reactive oxygen species [ROS]. Therefore, the objective of this study was planned to investigate the effect of DOX on cardiac mitochondrial functions. The harmful effect of DOX on lysosomal membrane was also investigated. Moreover, the protective effect of green tea plus catechin [GT] against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was considered. Thirty two male adult albino rats [180-200 g] were divided into four groups [n=8] as follows: [1] control group [saline solution, 1 ml 100 g[-1] body weight, i.p., for 10 days], [2] DOX group [a single dose of 10mg kg[-1] body weight, i.p. after 10 days of treatment with saline], [3] GT group [received 100 mg kg' body weight, per.os [p.o]. of GT for 10 days] and [4] DOX/GT group [received 100 mg kg[-1] body weight, p.o. of GT for 10 days prior to DOX adminstration]. Doxorubicin-induced significantly increased serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase [LDH] and creatine kinase [CK] which were reduced by GT administration. Pretreatment with GT significantly attenuated the doxorubicin induced increases in malondialdehyde [MDA], protein, carbonyl [PC] formation and lysosomal enzymes activities [P<0.05]. Doxorubicin significantly decreased GSH level, while pretreatment with GT blunted the decrease in GSH level [P<0.01]. This study suggests that green tea plus catechin has potentially protective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity generation. So, it may be worthy to consider the usefulness of GT as adjuvant therapy in cancer management

Biochemical responses of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze to heavy metal stress.

Three heavy metals-mercury (II), copper (II) and nickel (II), each at a concentration of 10 and 100 micrograms/ml, were tested for their effects on various biochemical constituents of tea leaves. Both NI (II) and Hg (II) decreased the phenolic contents, while Cu (II) increased it to some extent. The metal treatments enhanced the activity of phenyl alanine ammonia lyase (PAL), while the activity of poly phenol oxidase (PPO) showed a decline. Heavy metal stress also decreased the chlorophyll content of the leaves, along with a significant reduction in Hill activity. Proline content increased significantly in all treatments.